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Basic Hydrology

Categories: Geotechnical
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About Course

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This course teaches soil and water district technicians and junior engineers how to model small watersheds for conservation and stormwater management structures. Three hydrological models are presented: EFH2, TR-20/TR-55, and the rational method. The course includes a blend of GIS and by-hand analysis methods. For the GIS portions, parallel workflows are presented for ArcGIS (Spatial Analyst extension), and for QGIS. The EFH2 software is presented for rural hydrology while HydroCAD (Free Sampler edition) is used for urban projects. The course culminates in two design examples to allow students to implement what they’ve learned.

What Will You Learn?

  • Compute peak runoff rates for rural watersheds
  • Compute peak runoff rates for urban watersheds
  • Delineate watersheds using maps and ground truthing
  • Understand the differences between the 3 most widely used hydrology models

Course Content

1. Hydrologic Modelling Workflow
The hydrologic modelling workflow typically begins with the collection of data related to the watershed, including topography, hydrology, climate, land use and soil characteristics. With this data, a hydrologic model is developed. This model is then calibrated by comparing the model's predicted outputs to observed data, such as stream flows. Once the model is calibrated, it can be used to simulate various scenarios, such as changing climate conditions or land use. Outputs from these simulations can then be used to inform decision-making or to help quantify the impact of management decisions. The results from these simulations can also be used to identify areas of the watershed where certain management decisions may be more effective. Finally, the model can be periodically updated with new data to ensure its accuracy.

2. What is my drainage area
The drainage area, or watershed, of a river is the area of land from which the river and its tributaries receive water. Drainage areas are typically delineated by ridgelines, or the ridges of hills and mountains, which form natural boundaries of a river's catchment. The area of a drainage basin is measured in square kilometers and can range from a few square kilometers to millions of square kilometers. Within a drainage area, water flow is directed into the main river and its tributaries, which are smaller streams and rivers that flow into the main river. Each tributary has its own drainage area, which can be further subdivided into smaller sub-basins. All of the water that flows into a river, either directly or indirectly, is considered part of its drainage area. The size and shape of a watershed is determined by the topography of the land, which includes the size, slope, and elevation of the ridgelines that form the boundaries of the drainage area. Variations in elevation, slope, and soil type within a watershed also have an impact on the amount of water that flows into the river. The drainage area of a river is also affected by man-made features, such as dams, reservoirs, canals, and channels, which can divert water from the river or block its flow. The amount of water that flows into a river can also be affected by land use activities such as urbanization, deforestation, and agricultural practices. The drainage area of a river is an important factor in the study of hydrology, or the science of water, which is used to understand the water cycle, the movement of water, and the availability of water resources. It is also important to understand the drainage area of a river in order to be able to manage the water resources of a region.

3. How much water flows off the land

4. How long does the water take to get to here

5. Software

6. Example Problems

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