Coal mining not only impacts the environment but also has significant effects on the social life of surrounding communities. One of the positive impacts is the creation of new job opportunities, both directly within the mining company and indirectly in supporting sectors such as transportation and trade. Additionally, infrastructure development such as roads and public facilities is often carried out by mining companies to support their operations, which in turn can improve the quality of life for local communities.

However, alongside these positive impacts, coal mining also brings several negative social consequences. Social conflicts frequently arise between communities and mining companies over issues such as land compensation, environmental concerns, and profit sharing. Population migration due to mining can alter the social structure of communities and trigger other social problems such as increased crime rates and changes in cultural values. Furthermore, social and economic inequality may rise as not all members of the community benefit equally from the presence of the mine, leading to social jealousy.